Reprise 5: New Hummingbird Species Discovered in Los Angeles County!

Editor’s Note: Entry number five in our tenth anniversary golden oldie replay series was originally posted 4-1-11 and is fourth in overall popularity. It was the second installment in our SMBAS Monograph Series – Spring Quarter.

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Astounding as it may seem, a new species of hummingbird has been discovered in the foothills of the southern slope of the San Gabriel Mountains. As yet, the only known location is near an industrial-residential section in the small town of Monrovia, where they have been filmed performing territorial flight displays.

Tentatively classified as a member of genus Calypte, scientists assume they’ve previously been mistaken for their congener, the locally common and resident Anna’s Hummingbird, Calypte anna, although they bear only a superficial resemblance. DNA samples will presumably be taken. Nucleotide base pair analysis should reveal the bird’s closest affinities. Until results are released, final taxonomic classification cannot be ascertained with certainty.

Pending such definitive analysis, the bird is currently referred to as Calypte timconverensis, after the local resident who first saw it hovering outside his kitchen window next to a hummingbird feeder.  “I like to watch them in the morning while I have a cup of coffee,” he said. “I was working on my third cuppa Joe when I noticed this one hanging there, just the other side of the glass, like it was watching me. It was kind of spooky!  I went over to the window to get a better look and it just hovered there, looking right back at me. I walked back and forth a couple of times and darned if it didn’t follow along, watching me the whole time!  Its eyes were kind of funny, like they were glass or something.  I could see right away it wasn’t one of your typical hummers.  I get mostly Anna’s and Allen’s here of course, and the occasional Rufous in springtime.”

He continues. “It had this big red bill like the Broad-billed which lives over in Arizona, according to my bird book, but beyond that,  it sure didn’t look like the picture in the book.  Then there’s this tiny little gorget, sort of like a female Anna’s, but it’s just a little round spot. It was all pale underneath, so I figured it wasn’t an adult male, but it sure had me flummoxed.  I called a local birder friend of mine, and he came and looked at it and got all excited and waving his arms around and called someone else and he came over and took a few pictures and the next thing I knew, people were tromping all over my yard with mist nets and who-knows-what.  They wiped out my peonies.”

“It’s really the friendliest little thing.  I’ve actually gotten it to land on my hand (see picture below) on that weird tail, after it visits the feeder. Its feet aren’t much to see, that’s for sure.”

The friendly and confiding nature of the Four-wired Hummingbird is demonstrated as it rests in the discoverer’s palm after feeding. (AVInc photo)

The tail – certainly one of its strangest characteristics – is the source for its probable English name, Four-wired Hummingbird. [Bird eventually received the name Nano Hummingbird. – Ed.] Despite the juvenile appearance of the pale plumage, at least one adult male was filmed in his courting/territorial display.  Similar to the “J-shaped” flight of the Anna’s, it rises straight up to approximately 75 ft. above the ground.  But – unlike the rapid descent and tail snap of the Anna’s – he then slowly descends and hovers directly in front of his potential mate (or rival).

For a brief film of the mating/territorial display flight, go here.  As no female or encroaching male was sighted, it is unknown which form of display flight this is. [This film incorporates the original film. -Ed.]

Actual mating has not yet been observed; nor have nests been found.  Population size is unknown, as no more than two have ever been seen at any one time.  The extent of their range also is unknown as they have never been recorded outside the immediate area of discovery.

Local civic authorities are greatly excited by this unexpected fame.  Discussions are underway to make it the official City Bird and put it onto the Great Seal of the City of Monrovia.

The discoverer – a garage-workshop tinkerer – has requested that his name and address be withheld, as he wishes not to be overwhelmed by battalions of birders battling it out with tripods while trying to spot the bird.  “I’m putting the finishing touches on my perpetual motion machine,” he states confidently, “and it’s going to revolutionize the pencil-sharpening industry just as soon as I can find some funding.”

Best of luck to any birder who goes chasing the bird, and stay off the peonies!

If you found this article plausible, you may be interested in the other monographs in our annual series:
2010:   The Western Roof Owl:  Bird of Mystery
2012:   Canyonlands Roadrunner Captured on Film
2013:   Birders Take Their Lumps with their Splits
[Chuck Almdale]

Reprise 1: The Western Roof-Owl: Bird of Mystery

Editor’s Note: SMBAS has published over one thousand postings and twenty-two pages in slightly over ten years. In recognition of that fact and as sort of a birthday celebration, we’ve decided to revisit a small number of our reader’s favorite blog postings and pages. Readers who have joined us recently will find many of these new to them, and our long-term readers can revisit old favorites. Plus you get to see some permanent pages which you probably didn’t know we had.

The following selection, number seventeen on our all-time popularity chart, was originally published 4-1-10, and was the initial installment in our SMBAS Springtime Monograph Series, now five articles long.

SMBAS Monograph Series Paper #1: The Western Roof-Owl

Western Roof Owl in typical roosting posture (A.Non 2/10)

The Western Roof-Owl, Bubo pneumatikus (WRO), is in many regards unique among the owls of the world. Most owls are nocturnal predators which roost during the day in hard-to-see locations, deep in foliage, high in trees or cliff holes or on rafters in dark barns, in order to avoid detection by their justifiably annoyed prey. At night such owls are often heard calling and occasionally seen pursuing their prey: small mammals, especially rodents, and small songbirds.

In contradistinction, the WRO eschews dark and hidden perches and does its daytime roosting right out in the open, usually on peaks or edges of roofs, its preferred perch, occasionally also on large antennas and fence posts. This atypical behavior causes it to be perhaps the most commonly seen owl in Western North America, although it is not the most abundant.

This peculiar roosting behavior permits the easy observation of its most recognizable and remarkable behavioral characteristic – complete immobility. Once it has chosen its diurnal roosting spot, it never moves: neither broiling desert summer sun nor freezing winter mountain storm can cause this bird to do so much as blink an eye. Many species of small birds – potential nocturnal prey for the WFO, one presumes – notice this lack of movement and actually seek out its company. European Starlings and Rock Pigeons are often observed to perch right on the WRO’s head, sometimes for hours. It is conjectured that such birds are attempting to demonstrate friendship with this large predator, perhaps in order to impress their friends or frighten away potential rivals, but no one knows for sure. [This possibility provides an intriguing subject for a Ph.D. thesis in Avian Ethology.]

The Western Roof Owl – or at least the most intensively studied local subspecies B.p.immobilus –  is about the size, shape and coloration of its more infrequently seen congener, the Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus. In fact, the best way to separate these two species is by roosting location and behavior. If you see it roosting immobile on a roof, it is most likely the WRO. If you can’t see it, it’s the Great Horned Owl.

Right-looking behavioral morph (function of the tiny feather-curl at nape of neck is unknown)

So secretive and little-known is the nesting and feeding behavior of the WRO that there is not a single recorded observation of the bird leaving or arriving at its roosting site. One millisecond they are not there, the next millisecond they are, never to move until they again vanish, unseen.

Researchers conjecture that they hunt only on moonless cloud-covered nights. In utter pitch-black skies, no living creature ever sees them in flight, and their prey die never knowing what hit them. If true, this would go far to explain the lack of fear they elicit from potential prey species at their roosting sites.

If these conjectures are correct, such behavior necessitates certain physiological characteristics. They must have exceptional hearing as does the Barn Owl which can locate a vole rustling in the grass at 100 meters in complete darkness. [Bizarrely, no researcher has ever been able to detect any external auditory canal on the WRO. However, unless the owl can detect body heat in the infra-red, they must have excellent hearing. This is another excellent subject for an enterprising Ph.D. candidate.]  They must be able to catch great numbers of prey during their infrequent hunting expeditions, as it may be a long wait until the next suitably pitch-black night occurs. This explains why they are not found north of the Arctic Circle where the sun may not set for months. Their digestive systems must be extremely efficient in order to extract every calorie of energy from each morsel of whatever it is that they eat. This would explain the complete lack of regurgitated pellets around their roost sites: there are no pellets as they digest everything – fur, feather, bone, gristle, shell, skin. It would also explain why they never move: they are conserving energy in order to insure survival through what may be a very long fast. It should be noted that their apparent sleep must actually an exceptionally deep form of torpor, a form of near-suspended animation also used by hummingbirds at night and by the Common Poorwill during the winter. The WRO’s torpor is so deep that no medical equipment can detect any heartbeat, breathing or thermoregulatory activity.

Needless to say, nothing is known of their breeding biology. No nest has ever been found, no downy or juvenile bird has ever been seen. They simply appear, full size and in adult plumage. Neither has any sign of molting ever been detected.

The Western Roof Owl has yet one more unique feature: it is the only avian species known to have behavioral morphs. Many species have color morphs: dark-phase and light-phase Red-tailed Hawks for instance. Such color morphs do not indicate subspecies status,  they are simply a coloration variation that the individual possesses throughout its life. As far as researchers can tell, the straight-ahead and the right-looking forms are lifelong and invariant behavioral morphs.

All-in-all, the Western Roof Owl is one of our most interesting local species. Its easy visibility when roosting recommends it to any diligent observer of birds. The difficulties one encounters in actually witnessing it doing anything only make the eventual documentation of its mysterious behavior that much more rewarding a pursuit.
[Charles V. Almdale]

If you found this article plausible, you may be interested in the other monographs in our springtime series:
2011:   New Hummingbird Species Discovered in Los Angeles County
2012:   Canyonlands Roadrunner Captured on Film
2013:   Birders Take Their Lumps with their Splits

Lagoon Breach Photos & News Roundup

View of Malibu Lagoon and channel area from east side of the breach.

Rain causes Surfrider Beach to breach (J. Kenney 12/3/12)
Rain causes Surfrider Beach to breach (J. Kenney 12/3/12)
The usual suspects are at the scene but, as usual, “no one saw nothin’!”

Birds at the Breach (J. Kenney 12/3/12)

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Two articles from GrrlScientist at TheGuardian
Polly gets his own cracker: clever cockatoo manufactures, uses tools
Not known to manufacture or use tools in the wild, a captive cockatoo demonstrates that parrots can make tools to suit their needs.  A captive Goffin’s Cockatoo named Figaro who has impressed scientists by spontaneously making and using tools to fetch cashew nuts. The story includes lots of photos and a video of the ten trials this bird “passed.”

Sing for Your Supper: Fairy-Wren Chicks Must Sing Vocal Password for Food
Female Superb Fairy-Wrens teach their chicks a vocal password before they hatch to distinguish them from brood parasitic Bronze-Cuckoo chicks.  The authors show that superb fairy-wren chicks learn “song” whilst still embryos! Their mother sings a special incubation call to her eggs only before they hatch. After hatching, these chicks must sing this “auditory password” as their begging call in order for the parents to feed them. Since this species is host for the brood-parasite Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoo, this vocal password allows the parents to distinguish their chicks from the parasitic chicks and take evasive action.
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And…
To Birds, Storm Survival is Only Natural
Biologists studying the hurricane’s aftermath say there is remarkably little evidence that birds, or any other countable, charismatic fauna for that matter, have suffered the sort of mass casualties seen in environmental disasters like the BP oil spill of 2010.
New York Times 11/12/12 – Natalie Angier
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And three articles from Rick Wright at Birding New Jersey
Birds, Mirrors & 16th Pisa
Birders have probably been watching birds watch themselves in mirrors for about as long as there have been mirrors and bird watchers.
Birding New Jersey 11/17/12 – Rick Wright

Bioluminescent Bitterns
Whether for the birder on your shopping list or for yourself, a bedside table  or backyard could use one of these.
Birding New Jersey 11/21/12 – Rick Wright

Spare Parts, Strange Bedfellows
The Mexican headdress in Vienna’s Museum for Ethnology.
You may know about the hundreds of Resplendent Quetzals, Lovely Cotingas, Squirrel Cuckoos, and Roseate Spoonbills that had surrendered their plumes to this spectacular object, but what you might not know is that  a couple of dozen White-throated (Smyrna) Kingfishers also made the ultimate sacrifice–nearly four hundred years later.
Birding New Jersey 11/17/12 – Rick Wright

We now have a permanent link to Rick’s website “Birding New Jersey & the World” in the right margin under “Bird Links.”
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[Chuck Almdale]

Bird Photo & News

Great Photo from SMBAS member James Kenney!
Northern Flicker – Red-shafted x Yellow-shafted hybrid or intergrade
Taken at King Gillette S.P, 11/26/12
Compare it to your field guide pictures.

Northern Flicker Red-shafted x Yellow-shafted (J. Kenney 11/26/12)
Northern Flicker Red-shafted x Yellow-shafted (J. Kenney 11/26/12)

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New Link to Ornithologist Roger Lederer’s Ornithology.com
Loads of fascinating information
Now located permanently in our right margin under “Bird Links”
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Malibu Lagoon Project Page
We’ve added two new films this week (nos. 13 & 14), about 20 new pictures, and summary data for October & November.
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California Audubon’s Page on Protecting the Snowy Plover
A nestful of information.
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Prehistoric Flamingo Nests Discovered in Spain
Huffington Post 10/20/12 – Megan Gannon
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First Ever Family Tree for all Living Birds reveals Evolution and Divirsification
University of Sheffield News 10/30/12
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[Chuck Almdale]

Birdy News

Peacocks ruffle feathers, make a rumble
New recordings reveal that male birds use infrasound, emitting low-pitch sounds detected by peers but inaudible to human ears
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341606/title/Peacocks_ruffle_feathers%2C_make_a_rumble
From Science News Online – 6/19/12
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Lead poisoning stymies condor recovery
California’s iconic comeback species may need human help as long as even a small percentage of the carcasses they eat contain lead shot.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341811/title/Lead_poisoning_stymies_condor_recovery
From Science News Online – 6/27/12
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All dinosaurs may have had feathers
Well-preserved fossil sports long, fine plumage and a bushy tail.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/341948/title/All__dinosaurs_may_have_had_feathers
From Science News Online – 7/3/12
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Not your typical pterosaur
A beautifully preserved fossil from Germany displays a wing unlike any ever seen.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/342172/title/Not_your_typical_pterosaur
From Science News Online – 7/10/12
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Bumblebees navigate new turf without a map
The insects can quickly calculate the best route between flowers.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/345298/title/Bumblebees_navigate_new_turf_without_a_map
From Science News Online – 9/21/12
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Birds catching malaria in Alaska
The mosquito-spread disease may be transmitted north of the Arctic Circle as climate shifts.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/345337/title/Birds_catching_malaria_in_Alaska
From Science News Online – 9/22/12
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Feather finds hint at Neandertal art
Plumage found at ancient sites may indicate capability for abstract thought among humans’ Stone Age cousins.
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/345354/title/Feather_finds_hint_at_Neandertal_art
From Science News Online – 9/25/12
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[Chuck Almdale]

Bird News Roundup

Lead is a Threat to Condors
Study says main source of toxic metal is hunter’s bullets.
[This should not be news, but apparently it is.]
From:   Los Angeles Times Online 6/26/12
http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-condors-study-20120628,0,4816457.story

Letter to the editor on the above article – 7/1/12
http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/letters/la-le-0701-sunday-lead-condors-20120701,0,4497722.story
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Muscovy sex notes
When the mood strikes a male Muscovy duck, the corkscrew-shaped embodiment of its excitement shoots to a fully extended 8-plus inches in just 0.36 second.   The corresponding female organ is also corkscrewed – but in the opposite direction.
From:    Discover Magazine, June 2012, 20 Things You Didn’t Know About Sex, by Gregory Mone.
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A Murmuration of Starlings above Great Britain

Two-minute video of birds dancing in the twilight
http://vimeo.com/31158841
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How to Be a Better Birder by Derek Lovich, Princeton University Press
Two Book Reviews, read them both if this book sounds interesting to you.
http://nwbackyardbirder.blogspot.com/2012/04/book-review-how-to-be-better-birder.html
http://www.birderslibrary.com/reviews/books/birding/how_to_be_a_better_birder.htm
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Two Puffin Live Cameras on Seal Island
Take a virtual trip to Seal Island–20 miles off the coast of Maine–where Audubon�s VP of Seabird Restoration, Steve Kress, and his team are successfully restoring Atlantic Puffin breeding colonies. Watch these captivating birds as they socialize and catch some rays along with Razorbills, Black Guillemots and more, on the Loafing Ledge cam:
http://explore.org/live-cams/player/puffin-loafing-ledge-cam

The Puffin Burrow cam takes you down into a rocky burrow, where dutiful parents are caring for a newly hatched chick. Thanks to infrared technology, you can check in on the family around the clock:
http://explore.org/live-cams/player/puffin-burrow-cam
[Chuck Almdale]